Calculate mutual fund investment returns
Mutual funds pool money from multiple investors to buy securities (stocks, bonds). Professional fund managers make investment decisions. Returns depend on underlying assets' performance. You own 'units' whose value (NAV) changes daily based on portfolio performance.
By asset class: Equity (stocks), Debt (bonds), Hybrid (mix). By market cap: Large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap, multi-cap. By strategy: Index funds, sectoral funds, ELSS (tax-saving). Choose based on risk appetite and investment horizon.
NAV (Net Asset Value) = (Total Assets - Total Liabilities) / Number of Units. It represents per-unit value of the fund. NAV changes daily based on market movements. Lower NAV doesn't mean cheaper fund—focus on returns, not NAV level.
Expense ratio is annual fee charged by the fund (as percentage of assets). It covers management, administration costs. Lower is better—a 1% vs 2% difference over 20 years significantly impacts returns. Index funds have lower ratios than active funds.
Equity funds: STCG (under 1 year) at 15%, LTCG above ₹1 lakh at 10%. Debt funds: Taxed at your income tax slab rate regardless of holding period. ELSS offers 80C deduction but has 3-year lock-in. Consider post-tax returns when comparing.
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